Mason's 1896 novel The Courtship of Morrice Buckler. He camped for the night in Philips Norton (now Norton St Philip), where his forces were attacked on the morning of 27 June by the leading elements of Feversham's forces, which had now combined into a larger force, but were still awaiting their artillery. [52] The Royalist forces of Churchill, who was now in Chard, and of Feversham, in Bristol, also received reinforcements who had marched from London. ... Read full memory) With thanks to Roger Harris for this memory of Monmouth Send Roger Harris a Message Share your own memory Leave a comment Added 28 March 2010 #227797. It is said that it took multiple blows of the axe to sever his head. Transported to the Caribbean, he started his career as a pirate there. Monmouth’s end was very grizzly, and such a horrible way for such a popular figure to die. James Scott (formerly Crofts) was the first-born child of Charles II by his mistress Lucy Walter. When the Duke had left his horse at Woodyates Inn, he exchanged clothes with a shepherd, who was soon discovered by local loyalists and interrogated. At about 7 am Henry Parkin, a militia-soldier and servant of Samuel Rolle, discovered the brown skirt of Monmouth's coat as he lay hidden in a ditch covered with fern and brambles under an ash tree, and called for help. They were rescued by Churchill and withdrew with approximately twenty casualties on each side; however, each side believed that the other had taken greater losses. In 1688, when the birth of James Francis Edward Stuart heralded a Catholic succession, James II was deposed by William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution at the invitation of the disaffected Protestant Establishment. [9] The day after his marriage, the couple were made Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch, Earl and Countess of Dalkeith, and Lord and Lady Scott of Whitchester and Eskdale in the Peerage of Scotland. Monmouth was then "in the last extremity of hunger and fatigue, with no sustenance but a few raw peas in his pocket. [16] The following year, after his return to Britain, he commanded the small army raised to put down the rebellion of the Scottish Covenanters and despite being heavily outnumbered, he decisively defeated the (admittedly poorly equipped) Covenanter rebels at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge on 22 June 1679. Fletcher shot and killed Dare and was then put under arrest and sent back to the frigate Helderenberg. Some say a knife was at last employed to sever the head from the twitching body. James II was able to consolidate his power and reigned until 1688, when he was deposed by William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution. My historical fiction novella about Henrietta Wentworth and the Duke of Monmouth was originally published in 2013 by Endeavour Press, and is now available as a paperback. There were, however, two ‘creations’ of the Earldom of Monmouth: Earls of Monmouth (1626 - First Creation) Robert Carey, 1st Earl (1560–1639) Trustpilot. He had previously been involved in the Rye House Plot of 1683. There had been rumours that Charles had married Monmouth's mother, Lucy Walter,[1] but no evidence was forthcoming,[2] and Charles always said that he only had one wife, Catherine of Braganza. The dukedoms of Monmouth and Buccleuch were forfeited, but the subsidiary titles of the dukedom of Monmouth were restored to the Duke of Buccleuch. Monmouth was popular with a … With their limited cavalry in the vanguard, they turned south along Bradney Lane and Marsh Lane and came to the open moor with its deep and dangerous rhynes (drainage ditches).[69]. ", but Sir William Portman happening to be near the spot, immediately rode up, and laid hands on him as his prisoner. Tonight I shall be raising a glass to James, Duke of Monmouth. The battle was a climax of a rebellion led by the Protestant Duke of Monmouth attempting to overthrow James II the Catholic King of England. [54] Monmouth intended to attack the city of Bristol, after London the largest and most important city in England at that time, However, he heard the city had been occupied by Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort. The Monmouth Rebellion of the summer of 1685 was an attempt to seize the crown of England by James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, from his uncle the Catholic King James II.. [46] The king's force of Dragoons under Churchill continued to close on Monmouth, arriving in Chard on 19 June. Parl. [66], Feversham aimed to contain the rebels in the South West until the rest of his forces, including three battalions of British mercenaries sent by William III of Orange from Holland arrived. This week the thread that captured my interest the most was between Sophie, her lover the footman Joseph and her mean husband. The King, disgusted by his abject behaviour, coldly told him to prepare to die, and later remarked that Monmouth "did not behave as well as I expected". James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch. Parl. [2], Charles moved to The Hague during 1648, during the Second English Civil War, where his sister Mary and his brother-in-law William II, Prince of Orange, were providing more support to his father Charles I‘s cause than his French relations. Dr. Peter Blood, main hero of Rafael Sabatini's novel Captain Blood, was sentenced by Judge Jeffreys for aiding wounded Monmouth rebels. He asked Parliament to repeal the Test Act and the Habeas Corpus Act, used his dispensing power to appoint Roman Catholics to senior posts, and raised the strength of the standing army. [4] The two armies met at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685, the last clear-cut pitched battle on open ground between two military forces fought on English soil: Monmouth's makeshift force could not compete with the regular army, and was soundly defeated. [22], Following Monmouth's capture, Parliament passed an Act of Attainder, 1 Ja. Monmouth landed at Lyme Regis on 11 June 1685. Chapter II. [26] He landed on 11 June with 82 supporters, including Lord Grey of Warke,[27] Nathaniel Wade, and Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun. He briefly attended a school in Familly. His title has a curious history. Further Reading Coward, B, 2012, The Stuart Age: England 1603-1714, Pearson: Harlow [12], sfn error: no target: CITEREFSeccombe1899 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSeccombe1899 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFFraser1979 (, "Official account published by command", quoted in, Spencer, p.54: "Monmouth had a particularly grisly end, the executioner's axe striking seven times before his head severed", Shaw, Samuel, "Duke of Monmouth: Man in the Iron Mask" in, Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire, "Scotland's DNA: Descended from lost tribes…and related to Napoleon", "The Family Forest Descendants of Lady Joan Beaufort", "Setting the Scene in Wessex: the 17th Century in Literature and Drama", "Monmouth, James, Duke of Monmouth (MNMT663J)". Says the grasshopper to the fly: He was the illegitimate son of a king, a gallant and brave military hero, charming, handsome and well loved both within the court and with women; James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, had the life many would have envied in the seventeenth century. [7], As an illegitimate son, Monmouth was ineligible to succeed to the English or Scottish thrones, unless he could prove rumours that his parents had married secretly. [6] The Earl of Shaftesbury, a former government minister and a leading opponent of Catholicism, attempted to have James excluded from the line of succession. The Duke of Monmouth is one of those individuals from history who live to shine brightly for a short time and then die young. [4] Following the discovery of the so-called Rye House Plot in 1683, which aimed to assassinate both Charles II and his brother James, Monmouth, who had been encouraged by his supporters to assert his right to the throne, was identified as a conspirator. [76], The subsequent Bloody Assizes of Judge Jeffreys were a series of trials of Monmouth's supporters in which 320 people were condemned to death and around 800 sentenced to be transported to the West Indies, [77] for ten years' hard labour. Whereas James Duke of Monmouth has in an hostile Manner Invaded this Kingdom and is now in open Rebellion Laying War against the King contrary to the Duty of his Allegiance, Be it enacted by the Kings most Excellent Majesty by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in this Parliament assembled and by the Authorities of the same, That the said James Duke of Monmouth Stand and be Convicted and Attainted of High-Treason and that he suffer Paines of Death and Incurr all Forfeitures as a Traitor Convicted and Attainted of High Treason. Over the next couple of days volunteers arrived in Lyme offering to serve under Monmouth. [4] Fears of a potential Catholic monarch persisted, intensified by the failure of Charles II and his wife to produce any children. Rot. [10], After the Rye House Plot of 1683, an attempt to assassinate both Charles and James, Monmouth went into self-imposed exile in the Netherlands, and gathered supporters in The Hague. Four months later on the 24th May his nephew the Duke of Monmouth, exiled in Holland, sailed to England hoping to raise an army to overthrow the king. The magistrate ordered him taken to London. [70] The superior training of the regular army and their horses routed the rebel forces by outflanking them. [21] Thomas Hayward Dare was a goldsmith from Taunton and a Whig politician, a man of considerable wealth and influence who had been jailed during a political campaign calling for a new parliament. [37] The next day, 40 cavalry and 400 foot soldiers, under the command of Lord Grey and Wade, moved on to the nearby town of Bridport, where they encountered 1,200 men from the local royalist Dorset militia. [17] On King Charles II's death in February 1685, Monmouth led the Monmouth Rebellion, landing with three ships at Lyme Regis in Dorset in early June 1685, in an attempt to take the throne from his uncle, James II and VII. [34] To face Monmouth's rebels, John Churchill was given command of the regular foot in the King's army, and the honour of leading the campaign passed to the Earl of Feversham. [63][64] Argyll's small force had been involved in minor skirmishes at Greenock and Ellangreig. James II was a Roman Catholic and some Protestants under his rule opposed his kingship. Numerous pleas for mercy were addressed to the King, but he ignored them all, even that of his sister-in-law, the Dowager Queen Catherine. In what would be the final action of the rebellion, the Battle of Sedgemoor took place on the 6th July 1685 at Westonzoyland in Somerset. Because he was popular, and he was loved. This hedge proved to be part of the outbounds of several enclosed fields, some overgrown with fern and brakes, and others sown with rye, peas, and oats. [49], Monmouth and his growing force then continued north to Bridgwater, where he took up residence at Bridgwater Castle on 21 June,[50] Glastonbury (22 June) and on to Shepton Mallet, arriving on 23 June in worsening weather. Monmouth’s Resting Place in the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula. [4], On 14 February 1663, at the age of 13, shortly after having been brought to England, James was created Duke of Monmouth, with the subsidiary titles of Earl of Doncaster and Baron Scott of Tynedale, all three in the Peerage of England, and on 28 March 1663 he was appointed a Knight of the Garter. Charles II's son by his mistress, Lucy Walters, was made the Duke of Monmouth. [26], The Duke was taken to Holt Lodge, in the parish of Wimborne, about a mile away, the residence of Anthony Etterick, a magistrate who asked the Duke what he would do if released, to which he answered "that if his horse and arms were but restored to him at the same time, he needed only to ride through the army; and he defied them to take him again". Despite begging for mercy and claims of conversion to Roman Catholicism, he was beheaded at Tower Hill by Jack Ketch on 15 July 1685. Many of his supporters were tried during the Bloody Assizes, led by Judge Jeffreys and were condemned to death or transportation. [84] Another of Sabatini's novels, Mistress Wilding, also takes place during this time, as the hero, Anthony Wilding, is a supporter of Monmouth. He was a noble man who met his heath with calmness and dignity. [48] Feversham meanwhile moved with his forces into Bristol, on the assumption that this would be Monmouth's next target, and took overall charge of the campaign. But he lost that title, and his life, after the Monmouth rebellion failed in 1685. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland with his mistress Lucy Walter. The rebellion failed, and Monmouth was beheaded for treason on 15 July 1685. [16] Argyll and Monmouth both began their expeditions from Holland, where James's nephew and son-in-law, stadtholder William III of Orange, had not detained them or put a stop to their recruitment efforts. On 30 June the final parts of Feversham's army, including his artillery, arrived and eventually Monmouth was pushed back via Shepton Mallet to the Somerset Levels, where Alfred the Great had found refuge in his conflicts with the Vikings. There was speculation in 1662-4 and again in 1667 that Charles II would declare that Monmouth was his legitimate son. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland with his mistress Lucy Walter. [79], The Monmouth Rebellion and the events surrounding it have formed the basis for several works of fiction.

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