As defined in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, refugees generally are persons outside their country of nationality or, if stateless, outside their country of former habitual residence, who are unable or unwilling to return to that country based on a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. Section 7, Worker Rights, discusses the right of workers to associate, organize, and bargain collectively. Editors:  Muzna Abbas, Maureen Ahmed, Paula Albertson, Wendell Albright, Asim Ali, , Mary Angelini, Paul Baldwin, John Barone, Jonathan Bemis, Brian Campbell, Alexandra Cantone, Kelsey Carido, Dana Castagna, Ken Chern, Jessica Chesbro, Michael Cocciolone, Ann Cody, Mauricio Cortes, Stephen Dreyer, Christina Droggitis, Sandra Dupuy, Mort Dworken, Sara Epstein, Janie Esteva, Gabriella Fernandes,  Ryan Fioresi, Sheridan Gardner, Karen Gilbride, Sarah Givens, John Gorkowski, David Guinn, Charles Gurney, Ian Harrison, Matt Hickey, Anya Howko-Johnson, Victor Huser, Rachael-Therese Joubert-Lin, Richard Kaminski, Stephen Kaufman, Orly Keiner, Charles Kellett, Esther Kim, Douglas Kramer, Lawrence Lesser, Kevin Lewis, Maureen Limon, Vidya Mani, Sarah McGonagle, Veronica McIntire, Geneve Menscher, Hannah Meropol, Stephen Moody, Greta Morris, Thomas Opstal, Kurt Pearson, Steven Pierce, Samantha Powell, Gerald Quattro,  Lauren Ravekes, Ereni Roess, Emily Rose, Hilary Rosenthal, Stephanie Sandbeck, James Sayre, Stephanie Schmid, Daniel Schneider, Austin Schott, Harrison Schreiber, Samantha Schwartz, Thomas Selinger, Corena Sharp, Adam Sheffler, Lisa Sherman, Wendy Silverman, Kristen Smart, Rachel Spring, Greg Staff, Jennifer Stein, Brandon Strassberg, Zackary Suhr, Sarah Swatzburg, Leslie Taylor, Dennis Dean Tidwell, Dania Torres, Ambar Valles, Brooke Van Slyke, C. Eduardo Vargas, Dan Vernon, Pilar Velasquez, David G. Wagner, Rachel Waldstein, Micah Watson, Tracy Watson, Alexander Werman, Sonya Weston, Thomas Whitney, John Whittlesey, Megan Wong, Joseph Dean Yap. Enforcement of the law is key to effective implementation. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. PURPOSE. U.S. law requires annual reporting to Congress on the status of internationally recognized worker rights in countries that are eligible to receive benefits under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Despite constitutional provisions and its international commitments and obligations, China continued its unrelenting persecution of human rights defenders (HRDs) and activists. Deleted “There were reports UNHCR staff demanded sex in exchange for food” in Section 2.f, Protection of Refugees subsection paragraph 2 (“Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons”). Systemic disparities dictated who served Furthermore, the reports cover key internationally recognized worker rights issues, including the right to freedom of association; the right to bargain collectively; the prohibition of forced or compulsory labor; the status of child labor practices and the minimum age for employment of children; discrimination with respect to employment; and acceptable work conditions. Demonstrations have filled the streets of major cities for three weeks — and more than 40 people have died, some in clashes with the police. Women and children faced heightened risk as the prevalence of gender-based and domestic violence increased due to lockdowns and the loss of traditional social protections. These topics were included in previous Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, and they will be included again in future years. Other governments relied on democratic values and processes, including a free press, transparency, and accountability, to inform and protect their citizens. There may be few eyewitnesses to specific alleged violations or abuses. Many governments that profess to respect human rights in principle may in fact secretly order or tacitly condone violations or abuses. The section also covers whether elected and appointed officials must make financial disclosures. The Reports describe facts relevant to human rights concerns as they have been reported by the sources identified above. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. While the section generally excludes combat deaths and killings by non-state actors , it does cover killings by such actors as opposition groups, terrorists, or widespread killings by criminal groups. But beware: many non-Chinese companies also use suspicious Xinjiang-produced polysilicon in their solar modules. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. The annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – the Human Rights Reports – cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international agreements. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. In addition to these rights, several U.S. free trade agreements have also included the “elimination of discrimination in respect of employment or occupation” in their definition of internationally recognized worker rights. Denial of Fair Public Trial:  Notes whether there is an independent and impartial judiciary free of corruption or political influence and whether trials are fair and public and afford criminal defendants the minimum guarantees recognized internationally as necessary for a criminal defense (failure to hold any trial under Arbitrary Arrest or Detention). Human Rights Violations In J&K Rose After Article 370 Scrapped: Farooq Abdullah India News | Press Trust of India | Thursday December 10, 2020 Among Democrats in Congress, attitudes toward Israel have grown more critical as the party base expresses concern about the human rights of Palestinians. Political Prisoners, second paragraph, “Moukaila” changed to “Mounkaila”, Section 1.e., Political Prisoners, third paragraph, “Sadat Illiya Mallam” changed to “Sadat Illiya Dan Malam”, Section 2.a., Violence and Harassment, second paragraph, “Godi” changed to “Goni”, Section 4, Corruption, last sentence, “World Justice Program” changed to “World Justice Project”. Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms. § 2464, 2467. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. Added an “l” to Pavin Chachavalpongpun, in Section 2.a, Internet Freedom subsection paragraph 8, per his request. By documenting the status of human rights around the world each year, the U.S. Department of State provides objective and comprehensive information to Congress, civil society, academics, activists, and people everywhere – all of whom have roles to play in promoting human rights and accountability for rights abuses and violations. To reduce the spread of the virus, countries have implemented urgent emergency health measures. “The right to organize and bargain collectively” includes the right of workers to be represented in negotiating terms and conditions of employment and the prevention and settlement of disputes with employers, the right to protection against interference by the government or employers, and the right to protection against acts of antiunion discrimination. The General Assembly proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. The Country Reports cover respect for human rights in foreign countries and territories worldwide. Under certain regional instruments, such as the Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, the term refugee may also refer to persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety, or freedom have been threatened by, among other things, generalized violence or internal conflict. “In recent weeks there have continued to be killings, there have continued to be arbitrary detentions and there have continued to be disappearances,” she said. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Hundreds of thousands stopped working for the day to protest their shared treatment by Israel. In August 2019, … Zhou pointed out that condemnation of the CCP's human rights violations by the international community is critical. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. To avoid being too repetitive, we do not make this point every time we cover a particular issue, but readers should be aware that it is a significant factor in these kinds of abuses in all countries and cultures. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention:  Includes cases in which criminal detainees are held arbitrarily in official custody without being charged or, if charged, without being brought promptly before a judicial authority with power to detain or without trial within a reasonable time. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. It also reviews the government’s extension of assistance and protection to refugees, including protection against refoulement, the provision of temporary protection, and support for voluntary repatriation, longer-term integration opportunities, and resettlement in another country. For purposes of focus and streamlining, the reports select a few illustrative examples of alleged abuses and follow up in most instances only on the previous year’s high-profile unresolved cases. In China, government authorities committed genocide against Uyghurs, who are predominantly Muslim, and crimes against humanity including imprisonment, torture, enforced sterilization, and persecution against Uyghurs and members of other religious and ethnic minority groups. A subsection Coercion in Population Control changes the former focus from general “reproductive rights” and maternal health issues to comply with the requirement of U.S. law that the Department report on coercive family planning practices, such as coerced abortion and involuntary sterilization. This introductory Article sets out the premise of the Special Issue, the entrenched and pervasive nature of human rights violations in the context of migration control and the apparent lack of accountability for such violations. They called for governmental protection of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, safeguards for free and fair elections, and an end to discrimination. This report is submitted to the Congress by the Department of State pursuant to Sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. A state commits human rights violations either directly or indirectly. See all volumes and issues. It includes subsections on Internally Displaced Persons (if applicable), Protection of Refugees (if applicable), and Stateless Persons (if applicable). In recent years, the Department’s annual instructions on the update of the Reports changed the requirement that information be provided even when no abuse was alleged. Volume 20, 2021 Vol 19, 2020 Vol 18, 2019 Vol 17, 2018 Vol 16, 2017 Vol 15, 2016 Vol 14, 2015 Vol 13, 2014 Vol 12, 2013 Vol 11, 2012 Vol 10, 2011 Vol 9, 2010 Vol 8, 2009 Vol 7, 2008 Vol 6, 2007 Vol 5, 2006 Vol 4, 2005 Vol 3, 2004 Vol 2, 2003 Vol 1, 2002. In responding t… The subsection Protection of Refugees covers abuse and discrimination against refugees and asylum seekers. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person. “Protection against refoulement” refers to whether the government refrained from (1) expelling or returning a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where their life or freedom would be threatened on account of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, or (2) expelling, returning, or extraditing a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that they would be in danger of being subjected to torture. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. We seek a high standard of consistency in the reports despite the multiplicity of sources and the diversity of countries. “Acceptable conditions of work” refers to the establishment and maintenance of appropriate mechanisms, adapted to national conditions, that provide for minimum working standards, namely: wages that provide a decent living for workers and their families; working hours that do not exceed 48 hours per week, with a full 24-hour day of rest and provisions for overtime pay; a specified number of annual paid leave days; and minimum conditions for the protection of the safety and health of workers. Coverage of the right to organize and bargain collectively includes a review of the extent to which collective bargaining takes place and the extent to which workers, both in law and practice, are protected against anti-union discrimination. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. The optional subsection Property Restitution is included if there is a systemic failure of a government to enforce court orders with respect to restitution or compensation for the taking of private property under domestic law. The pandemic impacted not only individuals’ health, but their abilities to safely enjoy their human rights and fundamental freedoms. Added an “l” to “public-sector” in Section 4, paragraph 2, sentence 1. Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law. Two months after the major Iran protests of November 2019, Iranian people once again poured onto the streets. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. The report reviews whether the government has implemented effectively laws and policies to provide such persons the opportunity to gain nationality on a nondiscriminatory basis. The subsection’s focus is on coercive government action, and therefore does not cover instances in which family members or partners may pressure someone to have an abortion. The subsection on Women discusses violence against women, such as domestic violence, rape, female genital mutilation/cutting, dowry deaths, and “honor killings.”  Information is included on any government tolerance of, and efforts to prevent, such practices, as well as the extent to which women have access to equality of economic opportunity and protection from discrimination and sexual harassment. “Menace of penalty” includes loss of rights or privileges as well as penal sanctions. The ILO has also exempted certain forms of prison labor, but only to the extent that such labor is exacted as a consequence of a conviction in a court of law and carried out under the supervision and control of a public authority, and provided that the prisoner is not hired out to or placed at the disposal of private entities. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. You can add more than one country or area. An eviction in East Jerusalem lies at the center of a conflict that led to war between Israel and Hamas. Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. Equitable and democratic societies are needed to fight against this. This subsection also includes reports concerning any restriction on medical facilities or services in a situation of significant internal conflict. Elementary education shall be compulsory. to deny equal opportunities for employment or vocational training, as well as any other ground for distinction determined to impair equal opportunity. It includes reports of unlawful killings and abuses, including abductions, against civilians by members of the armed forces, other groups that may support the government but may also commit abuses, or groups in political opposition to the government. In optional subsection 1.g., used for countries where there was significant internal conflict, the reports cover killings of noncombatants and deaths resulting from undue use of force by government forces, those acting on the government’s behalf, or opposition forces. Reluctance to report abuse–by women, children, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or intersex persons (LGBTI), and members of other groups–is, of course, often a factor in the underreporting of abuses. This section also includes illustrative, publicly well-known examples of killings by police or security forces and deaths that resulted from excessive use of force or other abuses contrary to human rights obligations and commitments, including equal protection of law. The “prohibition on the worst forms of child labor” looks to ILO Convention 182, which defines anyone under the age of 18 as a child, and specifies certain types of employment as “the worst forms of child labor.” These worst forms of labor include slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, forced recruitment into armed conflict, child prostitution and pornography, involvement in illicit activity such as drug production or trafficking, and work that, “by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.”. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated long-standing inequalities in the USA. Franco Luna (Philstar.com) - January 13, 2020 - 6:26pm ... Human rights violations. The Department seeks to identify those groups (for example, government forces) or individuals for whom available, credible evidence indicates probable involvement in human rights violations or abuses or other problematic conduct. The summary does not include many other common issues, such as overcrowding in prisons and societal discrimination, but these matters continue to be covered in the body of the reports. Commission of Inquiry member Francoise Hampsondescribed evidence of serious human rights violations during this year’s elections, including Freedom of Expression, including for the Press:  Evaluates whether freedom of expression, including for members of the media, is respected and describes any direct or indirect restrictions, including intimidation of journalists and censorship. This includes cases in which the victim(s) has not been found. For example, requiring applicants to be a certain height could disproportionately exclude women and members of some ethnic groups. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. These include reports of extrajudicial killing, torture, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions, and the worst forms of restrictions on freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, association, and religion or belief, as well as bias-motivated crimes of violence and similar abuses. In Nicaragua, the corrupt Ortega regime passed increasingly repressive laws that limit severely the ability of opposition political groups, civil society, and independent media to operate. Freedom of Religion:  Provides a hyperlink to the Department of State’s International Religious Freedom Report. The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are prepared by reviewing information available from a wide variety of credible sources, including U.S. and foreign government officials; victims of alleged human rights abuses; academic and congressional studies; and reports from the press, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with human rights. A group of women engineers at BC Ferries filed a human rights complaint, saying there is no private area to change clothes or use the washroom that is just for women. Some governments used the crisis as a pretext to restrict rights and consolidate authoritarian rule. Human rights groups warn the law gives the immigration minister a new power to overturn refugee status Published: 5:46 AM . This section also examines if governments have in place laws, regulations, or practices that enable them to use technology to monitor individuals arbitrarily or unlawfully and whether any “national security” laws are used by governments to conduct arbitrary or unlawful surveillance. A subsection on internet freedom includes discussion of monitoring or restrictions on the exercise of freedom of expression online, including the freedom to seek, receive, or impart information, ideas, and opinions. En Colombia, y en muchos otros países, los ataques de las fuerzas de seguridad contra los manifestantes han hecho que se reconozcan las injusticias. The existing format of the reports is used to report these actions. In Colombia, and many other countries, security forces’ attacks on protesters have led to nationwide reckonings with injustice. Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. According to the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, statelessness is a human rights issue and can lead to many other human rights violations. National laws should specify whether workers in the informal sector are covered, and whether or not any other group of workers or sectors of the economy are excluded. News about Human Rights and Human Rights Violations, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. The addendum will cover maternal health issues such as maternal mortality, government policy adversely affecting access to contraception, access to skilled healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth, access to emergency healthcare, and discrimination against women in accessing sexual and reproductive health care, including for sexually transmitted infections. The subsection on Anti-Semitism discusses anti-Semitic activity. Vice-Rectors for Security and Human Resources appeared in most universities, the majority of actions aimed to oppress Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Assembly are being implemented by them. Disappearance:  Covers cases in which the government may be involved in the detention, abduction, or disappearance of the victim(s), and refuses to account for the whereabouts or fate of the victim(s). Frequently, eyewitnesses are intimidated or prevented from reporting what they know. Coordinator of Human Rights Reports/Editor in Chief:  Stephen Eisenbraun. State-sanctioned violence in Zimbabwe against civil society activists, labor leaders, and opposition members continued a culture of impunity, and LGBTQI+ persons continued to be vulnerable to violence, discrimination, and harassment due to criminalization and stigma associated with same-sex sexual conduct. Human rights violations safeguard their supreme privilege and secure their hereditary rule. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. Unless the specified height is necessary to perform the particular job, this could illustrate indirect discrimination. A district court in Indonesia’s capital is expected to rule soon in a suit accusing the president and top officials of failing to curb pollution. Also covered are reports of attacks on health-care facilities, workers, ambulances, or patients. These and other ongoing rights abuses cause untold damage well beyond the borders of any single country; unchecked human rights abuses anywhere can contribute to a sense of impunity everywhere. From Hong Kong to Belarus, from Nigeria to Venezuela, people assembled in the streets. Acts of Congress mandate the annual submission of the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.

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