list of dictatorship countries list of dictatorship countries

[107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. 2. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. [1] The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. Duterte is the perfect example of a . But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. Types. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. Some have been in power for decades, such as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial New Guinea. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government.