Bentley, Bryan. It is an honor to serve as your Police Commissioner. Rubinstein, Jonathan. Frank L. Rizzo, shown here in 1968 examining the new police insignia on a patrol car at Eight and Race Streets, was a national voice of get-tough policing both as commissioner (1967-71) and mayor (1972-80). This 1751 ordinance also paid constables and night watchmen their first wages. Of the thirty-two people shot and killed by police between 1950 and 1960, twenty-eight87.5 percentwere black, even though blacks made up 22 percent of the city population. The disgruntled rank-and-file found a champion in Deputy Commissioner Frank L. Rizzo (1920-91), who fought with Leary during the riot over his strict controls on firearms use. When I was a kid, we didnt have women police officers in Philadelphia, Coulter told CBS3 in 2017. In the 1927 mayoral election, candidate Harry A. Mackey alleged widespread police corruption under the administration of Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick. Later stories reported repeated sexual assaults by Officer Thomas Tolstoy95 and raids on corner stores where police cut wires of security cameras and stole cash and merchandise.96 In at least one instance, officers returned to a corner store to retrieve footage that recorded their previous raid, held a gun to the owners head and demanded the footage.97. A message from Commissioner Outlaw Hello Philadelphia! https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB9600586EB2298. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. Alyson-Wieczorek NewsBank: Access World News. The city overturned five hundred convictions and paid more than $4 million to settle civil rights lawsuits. "Krasner: 'We'd Like to Get to the Truth' About Cop at Center of Meek Mill Case - In a new interview, Phillys DA says that his office hasnt rendered a judgment on whether retired narcotics officer Reggie Graham is actually guilty of corruption allegations that were cited in Mills bid for a new trial.." Philadelphia Magazine (PA), December 20, 2018. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1966. Between 2009 and 2013, the city agreed to settlements totaling more than $45 million with plaintiffs alleging civil rights violations, including a federal lawsuit over Ramseys stop-and-frisk policy. Three times between 1974 and 1983 a federal court found the Police Department in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forbids racial and gender discrimination in hiring, and imposed consent decrees with quotas for hiring women, African Americans, and Hispanics. , BARBARA LAKER, WENDY RUDERMAN&. Raid and keep on raiding, Butler liked to say. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/18016003BB3C7978. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. Philadelphia Tribune (1912-), Sep 06, 1996. https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/anti-corruption-plan-settled-out-court/docview/533220386/se-2. I will be enlisting the help of an independent firm to investigate the recent allegations and to make recommendations to overcome some of the discrimination and harassment within the department, Kenney said in the statement. Two years later the department consolidated the separate internal affairs units under a single inspector. The new police wore uniforms, which clarified the distinction between citizen and state, a line frequently blurred in the previous semiprivate system. East Districts. It was not until the turn of the century, when one out of every four city residents was foreign-born, that the department began hiring Irish and Italian immigrants. The Chief Commissioner of the Victoria Police is the head of Victoria's police force. To make comment at this meeting, please register in advance by emailing CPOC@phila.gov, The Commissioners of the Citizens Police Oversight Commission (CPOC) will hold a regular meeting on the first Tuesday of each month. Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries . Is It Also Screwing the Cop Who Arrested Him? Philadelphia Tribune, The (PA), August 3, 2010. Police supporters picketed the paper and blocked delivery trucks. By 2015 women, African Americans, and Latinos made up roughly 25 percent, 34 percent, and 8 percent of the force, respectively, in a city that was 44 percent black and 13 percent Latino. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/1591C20DC2D92FE0. Meantime, bicycle units made sure marchers stayed on their approved route and police intervened with force only when a disruptive move occurred, as when, in a few cases, small groups of demonstrators attempted to go down a highway ramp to disrupt traffic. Philadelphia Daily News (PA), March 20, 2009: 03. "6 narcotics unit officers transferred D.A. Philadelphia, PA 19106 215-686-3367 Commissioner Richard Ross Jr. leads the fourth largest police department in the nation with more than 6500 sworn and 800 civilian members. From left they are Marlene J. Graham to sergeant, Lois M. Keenan to sergeant, Cecile S. Williams to sergeant, Evelyn R. Carter to lieutenant, Annetta Sledge to lieutenant, and Dorothy F. Cousins, to sergeant. The department introduced a new patrol manual, the first since 1897, barred police from participating in politics while on duty, and revamped the annual reports from impressionistic, anecdotal accounts to empirical analyses of crime statistics. , "March 10, 1974 (Page 3 of 396)." In 1967, Frank Rizzo becomes police commissioner of Philadelphia. During Prohibition, Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick (1874-1953) appointed Marine general Smedley D. Butler (1881-1940) as director of public safety to enforce the federal anti-liquor law. [content warning: description of sexual assault], As of 2014, the city had settled 33 lawsuits and paid settlements totaling $1.7 million related to the Daily News reporting.104 The District Attorneys office withdrew hundreds of drug cases.105 Police created an internal inspector position to monitor narcotics cases106 and created a 22-page document which outlined restrictions on officers dealing with informants.107, Some narcotics officers were transferred and the officers named in the reporting faced only internal charges. In the mid-2010s the Police Department came under heavy criticism from black activists and residents for its aggressive tactics and lack of accountability, the latter due in large part to the generous civil service protections won by the unionized rank-and-file. "Still no justice, a decade after false arrest." NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/1664EDBF68A359D0. 36, no. Additionally, some redactions shield internal phone numbers and emails. 's Office no longer wants them testifying in drug cases, sources said.." Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA), December 6, 2012: A01. , SHAW, JULIE. I don't know now. The administration of Progressive Mayor Rudolph Blankenburg (1843-1918), from 1911 to 1915, was the first to try to reform the Police Department along professional standards. Brown, G. Gordon. Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA), August 13, 2017: B01. , https://www.phila.gov/PHILS/DOCS/Inventor/textonly/execorders/97-01.htm, Kinney INQUIRER STAFF WRITER, Monica Yant. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. , "December 16, 1923 (Page 1 of 118)." Were always working to improve phila.gov. Philadelphia Police Study Task Force, 1987. However, whites dominated the force until the 1970s, and they used their power to harass racial minorities. Clark Jr., Joseph S. and Dennis J. Clark, Rally and Relapse, 1946-1968. In Philadelphia: A 300 Year History, edited by Russell F. Weigley, 649-703. The Philadelphia Inquirer Public Ledger (1934-1969), Mar 23, 1951. https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/march-23-1951-page-4-50/docview/1835197291/se-2?accountid=10977. Coulter, who will be acting commissioner, is a Northeast Philly native. The Police Band held annual benefits to help cover the costs of the group, but the majority of their concerts were free. In an interview, Hersing said, I don't like crooked cops. Notoriously, in August 1970, following the murder of a Fairmount Park police officer, Rizzos police raided the Black Panther Party offices and strip-searched members in front of news photographers. Robert McDonnell Jr. received one count of conduct unbecoming of an officer for putting the wrong informant as the source for a search-warrant application. Only government entities in the U.S. can end in .gov, File a complaint against a Philadelphia police officer, Recommend a police officer for commendation, The Commissioners of the Citizens Police Oversight Commission (CPOC) will hold a regular meeting on the first Tuesday of each month. While this resulted in a more professional ethos of public service and crime prevention, the department continued to struggle with corruption and racism as it engaged in a vigorous war on crime. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. Philadelphia (Pa.) Police Advisory Board Records, George D. McDowell Philadelphia Evening Bulletin News Clippings Collection, and Philadelphia Special Investigation (MOVE) Commission Records, Special Collections Research Center of Temple University Libraries, Samuel L. Paley Library,1210 Polett Walk, Philadelphia. Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA), March 1, 1983: A11. Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA), July 14, 2010: A16. This is a meeting for the Commissioners to conduct, deliberate, and vote on official CPOC business. Rizzo declared war on the citys dissident groups, especially Black Power militants. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB2A03595FE7BFD. Diss., Temple University, 2001. As of 2016 the Police Mounted Patrol Unit had twelve officers in charge of seventeen horses who are used for special events and crowd control. Didn't the city hear everyone laughing? He continues, I wish police departments and city officials would admit that police corruption results from a system where honest police recruits are placed into a dishonest police subculture.152 Former Captain Robert Frederick wrote in the Philadelphia Inquirer about police supervisors uninterested in knowing about corruption, saying hed heard supervisors say, Just dont embarrass me. In Philadelphia County, including the city, the early industrial era severely tested the fragmented, overstretched, and largely voluntary policing system. Certainly, by all Means." , Saksa, Jim. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/15469A1652A7B220. "4 years after probe, no justice for victims of alleged cop misconduct." , Lounsberry, Emilie. vows not to dismiss proper convictions tied to drug squad." https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/1761E7D14E9FCE10. Thomas Tolstoy received one count of conduct unbecoming of an officer and neglect of duty for not telling the truth about giving gifts, including cell phones, cigarettes and cash, to informants. The Philadelphia Inquirer Public Ledger (1934-1969), Nov 20, 1938. https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/november-20-1938-page-1-158/docview/1832203053/se-2. , "May 22, 1983 (Page 32 of 679)." duel links destiny hero deck; celebrity pet name puns. Philadelphia Daily News (PA), April 28, 1987: 18. The church steeple of Saint Carthage Roman Catholic Church rises behind the smoldering ruins of homes. This is a meeting for the Commissioners to conduct, deliberate, and vote on official CPOC business. Early constables enforced magistrate decisions and closely regulated working-class leisure activities like cards, dicerevels, bull-baitings, cock-fightings, as one 1681 English law put it. : Pennsylvania Crime Commission, 1974. Aldermen, appointed by City Council, also served as magistrates, who, with a police official (also a political appointee), adjudicated criminal trials in the station houses. The law raised the potential size of the force to 820 patrolmen and established tiered salaries according to rank. This investigation had the support of police officials and civic organizations.45 As part of its investigation, the grand jury asked each officer to fill out a six page survey, which was opposed by the Fraternal Order of Police as illegal, downright degrading and an insult to every police officer and his family.46, The grand jury report enumerated multiple instances of police corruption, including police officers receiving cars and one receiving a $100 suit ($1072 in 2021 dollars) with at least 50 other officers receiving similar menswear.47 This grand jury failed to issue an indictment. In black neighborhoods the department fielded shotgun squads of officers patrolling in cars with sawed-off shotguns leaning out the windows in a show of force. The most comprehensive, authoritative reference source ever created for the Philadelphia region. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/16C9041CE7A185E8. The Philadelphia Police Band formed in 1912, when Lieutenant Joseph Kiefer created a group of seventy-two musicians. First Deputy Commissioner. Pennsylvanias Heart and Lung Act allows officers who claim to be injured to stay out of work indefinitely while collecting full pay and accruing vacation time and other benefits. The Iron Age, 1876-1905. In Philadelphia: A 300 Year History, edited by Russell F. Weigley, 471-523. The damage of Rizzos policies on relations between the Police Department and black residents continued long after he was out of office. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB32CBF87367D57. Excessive billings come to light. Philadelphia Daily News (PA), January 24, 2013: 03. White, Michael D. Examining the Impact of External Influences on Police Use of Deadly Force Over Time. Evaluation Review. Police commissioner Charles Ramsey said it was one of the worst cases of police corruption hed heard in his 40 year career.116 Leading up to the 2014 indictment were a series of cases alleging civil rights violations by officers in the Narcotics Field Unit. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/1547971B950DB5A0. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/127423C4EFCB1B80. I want you to know that I am committed to three primary goals: (1) crime prevention and reduction; (2) community engagement and inclusion; and (3) organizational excellence. After contentious public hearings on the MOVE bombing, Goode offered a formal apology and appointed Kevin M. Tucker (1940-2012) as police commissioner to reform the department. , SHAW, JULIE. Law Administration and Negro-White Relations in Philadelphia: A Study in Race Relations. They're caught on camera, yet they get away with it. FOP President John McNesby said that he knew from Day One that all of these guys were aboveboard.103, Lady Gonzalez interview with the Philadelphia Daily News. 1944) created the Integrity and Accountability Office and set up a task force to investigate corruption, while the department introduced new reporting requirements for use of force. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/144043AF6EA6F288. PO stands for police officer p. 1 ARD: Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition p. 1 Colin Cummings p. 2 Stanley Davis p. 2 Emmanuel Folly p. 3 Nicholas Harper p. 4 Kevin Klein p. 5 Deric Lewis p. 5 Michael Long p. 6 Antonio Mayhew p. 6 Alex McAdams p. 6 Angel Ortiz p. 8 Ryan Pownall p. 8 Sheila Pressley p. 9 Angelo Romero p. 9 Ross Scott p. 10 Philadelphia Daily News (PA), March 31, 2015: 12. Review police department policies and procedures. The Trinidad and Tobago Police Service is both a civil and para-military body which functions in accordance with the Police Service Act Chapter 15:01. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/14FB629A11B02320. Pennsylvania Crime Commission. The FBI and city agencies began a joint investigation. 1950), ordered an aggressive stop-and-frisk program in predominantly black districts. When the court order expired in 2003, the office's positions went unfilled and the office was effectively dissolved.157 James B. Jordan, who was appointed as the first Police Integrity and Accountability Officer, described the convening of task forces and blue ribbon panels as a tactic used by politicians to avoid accountability: If you want to duck a problem, make it look like you're doing something until enough time passes so that people's attention is focused elsewhere, what better way than to charge a panel to look at it for two years?158, Over the past century, police have repeatedly proven that they are incapable of policing themselves. 1230 Municipal Services Building 1401 John F. Kennedy Boulevard Philadelphia, PA 19102-1679 (215) 686-6680 (215) 686-3832; controller@phila.gov Ms. Blake Norton. Police Commissioner Frank Rizzo Examining the New Police Insignia. In 1974 the Pennsylvania Crime Commission found it to be ongoing, widespread, systematic, and occurring at all levels of the Police Department, especially in narcotics work. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/12CE762885960208. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. , INQUIRER STAFF WRITER, Jeremy Roebuck. In the years after the 39th district scandal, police reformers called for regularly rotating officers.148149 In contract negotiations with the city in 2014, this simple reform was used as leverage to get a $218 million raise.150 U.S. Attorney William B. Lytton, who won convictions of corrupt Philadelphia cops in the 1980s, noted that the FOP had refused to pay legal fees of officers who cooperated with corruption investigations. Police Commissioner Howard Leary (1911-94), an advocate of constitutional law enforcement and a supporter of civilian review boards, instructed police to contain the area and use minimal force. "IS ENTIRE POLICE FORCE CORRUPT? Philly Power Research is a group of volunteer researchers made up of teachers, journalists, analysts, advocates, and organizers working to support economic justice in the city Philadelphia. Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram If you're gonna be a bandit, be a bandit. Philadelphia Daily News (PA), August 1, 2014: 00. The redactions are designed to ensure the safety of citizens, crime victims and members of the Philadelphia Police Department. Critics see a failure in police disclipine.." Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA), March 8, 2018: A01. In Philadelphia Police, Past and Present, p. 99. Delk said, We have repeatedly gone to the office with complaints, but nothing has ever been accomplished. "COURT UPHOLDS FIVE SQUAD CONVICTIONS." Richard Ross, Commissioner. This post is part of Philly Power Research's Beyond Policing series. "Scandals not new to Philadelphia police." Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 177, no. In the years leading up to the first grand jury investigation of the Philadelphia Police Department, public allegations and evidence of police corruption steadily increased. Typical of much urban unrest in the sixties, a scuffle with police during a routine arrest touched off days of rioting, looting, and violence. Commissioner ONeill transferred 137 officers out of the 17th district.60 The three officers were convicted and sentenced to three months in prison.61, In 1981, officer George L. Woods entered the Morning Glory Club, a center city massage parlor, and made it known to an employee that he expected payment if the club were to continue operating. While raids and arrests increased during Butlers tenure, liquor law violators saw few repercussions. "Officer acquitted in corruption case gets promotion." Charlie Hund was an officer in the One Squad and Five Squad narcotics units who cooperated with investigators. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB299C986FAE690. Philadelphia: Bureau of Municipal Research, 1947. , LOCY, TONI. In the 1930s the Police Department introduced red squad cars, shown here outside of the Police Administration Building in the 1960s. A short lived task force is formed, which issues a report with recommendations that are ignored. One person named in the federal indictment told a Daily News journalist the narcotics officers trashed his familys house, stole $12,000, and kidnapped and detained him for a week at a hotel near the airport. Thompson, Anna J. When Governor Milton J. Shapp ordered an independent investigation of Philadelphia police corruption in 1971, the mayor, district attorney, and police commissioner said the investigation was unnecessary because the police could police themselves.159 In a court memorandum, US District Judge Paul S. Diamond assessed the ineffectiveness of the Internal Affairs Bureau: The IAB functioned poorly, in part because of a perception that it operated corruptly: investigators did not maintain confidentiality, and preferred Officers were protected by supervisors.160 Even when internal police review bodies find evidence of police misconduct, consequences can be overruled at the state level. I guess a little less than half actually participate in one way or another.51, The Inquirer was targeted for its reporting on police corruption. MAP's "Safety We Can Feel" campaign included a survey of 1300 Philadelphia residents and dozens of interviews on how to build strong, healthy, and safe communities. Philadelphia: Camino Books, 1993. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. Official website of the Philadelphia City Commissioners. Philadelphia Inquirer (1860-1934), Jan 07, 1919. https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/january-7-1919-page-1-24/docview/1829484206/se-2. A wave of reform in city government in the late 1940s and early 1950s brought new scrutiny and change to the Police Department. Philadelphia received help from the federal government twice in the 1920s to combat its Prohibition-fueled crime problem. November 3, 2021 4:37pm. He said, I don't think the average cop, if he says he wants to expose corruption, he will be welcomed with open arms at the FOP.151, When former Philadelphia police officers have spoken about corruption, several say it is deeply rooted in the force and supervisors ignore it. A Critical History of Police Reform: The Emergence of Professionalism. "'ROBBER BARONS' \ 5 COPS ACCUSED OF THEFT U.S. JURY INDICTS OFFICERS IN THREE-YEAR CRIME SPREE." The head of the Hong Kong Police (Royal Hong Kong Police Force 1969 to 30 June 1997) force has used this title since 1938.. Iceland. This is how this organization functions.4, At the founding of the police department, officers were banned from having a side job or other income and could be fired for accepting gifts or rewards.5 The very next year, the rule was changed to allow police, at the discretion of the Mayor, to receive gifts from anyone who felt they benefited from the services of the police.6 During this era, policing was primarily a political patronage job, which led to extensive police corruption.7 Wards and police districts often shared boundaries8 and ward leaders were effectively police captains. While police forces in some cities found themselves resorting to teargas and physical confrontations, the Philadelphia police had largely succeeded in avoiding violent confrontations. Bredell, Kyle. Sign up for the free Billy Penn newsletter and stay in the know. Address. Charles H. Ramsey (born 1950) is the former Commissioner of the Philadelphia Police Department. If policemen can get $150 or $200 a month from law-breakers in return for closing their eyes to what is going on and with no fear of dismissal, it is small wonder that they stoop to graft.19 The next year, two police officials and 37 patrolmen, all from the station at Trenton & Dauphin, were brought to trial for corruption and collusion, with 200 suspended awaiting trial. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. In 1921 on the Ben Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia began free Thursday dances that became immensely popular among the citys residents. Candidate at Temple University, where he is writing a history dissertation on post-World War II rioting and policing in the United States. It was an important step toward professionalization. Philadelphia, PA, 1887. The promotions were the result of an agreement between Mayor Michael Nutter and the FOP; the police commissioner said he had not been part of the agreement.133 In 2018, Michael Spicer was put on the Do Not Call list a list of officers that will not be called to testify.134 Jeffrey Walker has since served his 3 year sentence and has been helping defense attorneys challenge wrongful convictions that resulted from his time in the Narcotics Field Unit.135, A decade later, Philadelphians who were wrongly arrested by the Narcotics Field Unit are still trying to put their lives back together. The Police Band disbanded in 1988, as the Police Department began to assign more officers to street duty to fight the increased drug-related crimes. thesis, Temple University, 2013. Headquarters. The police department has a long history of sexual misconduct scandals that spans decades, implicating both rank-and-file cops and high-ranking brass. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB73757804EB6AC. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EB32E719960CC29. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. In 1939, in response to city pay cuts during the Great Depression, the rank-and-file unionized and set up Lodge #5 of the Fraternal Order of Police. By 2015, women, African Americans, and Latinos made up roughly 25 percent, 34 percent, and 8 percent of the force, respectively, in a city that was 44 percent black and 13 percent Latino. Search the history of over 797 billion In the mid-1850s, when nativist politicians controlled city government, native birth was a condition of employment for police. "Narcotics officers arrested in corruption case." Just Look at Philadelphia (Newsweek), Philly's Scarlet Streak (PhillyHistory Blog). Enter an address to identify the district and PSA (Police Service Area), or choose a district from the list below for more information. While running for mayor in 1923, Freehand Kendrick pleaded with President Calvin Coolidge to release Butler from the Marine Corps to Philadelphia. In 1998, Rendell appointed John F. Timoney (1948-2016) as police commissioner. In 1950 the FOP and the city agreed to an exclusive collective-bargaining arrangement. Nativism proved short-lived, but the prejudice held. A Brief History of the Philadelphia Police Department. The Police Chief (September 2003): 36-38. Sprogle, Howard O. Philadelphia Tribune, The (PA), June 5, 2020. After fifty years of white suburban flight, the loss of manufacturing jobs, and anemic revenue, the city increasingly relied upon its police force, the fourth-largest in the country, to manage the social consequences of urban decline. NewsBank: Access World News Historical and Current. officers.." Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA), January 18, 2014: A01. ONE TOP AIDE WAS ALSO CONVICTED. Eighteen years later state legislators enshrined this right in law. In fall of 2012, Larry Krasner, then a civil rights attorney, said in a public court session that the Narcotics Field Unit had been stealing money during raids and that law enforcement officials told him the unit engaged in a pattern of theft and other falsification during drug arrests. Attorney Michael Pileggi was also handling some of the civil rights abuse cases, he said that the officers were harassing and threatening his clients.117, In December 2012, the Narcotics Field Unit officers were transferred, though Police Commissioner Ramsey declined to say why. The cars had two-way radios, allowing patrol officers to communicate with dispatch and command to enforce work discipline. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.